{
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "generatedAt": "2026-05-07T15:33:22.341Z",
  "findingType": "money_flow",
  "findingId": 1995,
  "contentHash": "9a931bf72897d851b3d26e7dd0108893249ca2a94d0bcd5af94984dc3f819b9c",
  "title": "Purdue Pharma → Sackler Family → Offshore Trusts",
  "summary": "Money-flow chain tracing 3 hops with documented total of USD 10700000000.00. Confidence: primary.",
  "methodology": "Money-flow chains are constructed by tracing financial transactions between entities through documented mechanisms (contracts, donations, grants, etc.). Each hop is independently cited. Vanish points mark where the audit trail breaks — funds enter an entity but no corresponding outflow is documented. Confidence is assessed per-hop and rolled up to the chain level.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/109279/documents/HHRG-116-IF02-20190612-SD001.pdf",
      "label": "https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/109279/documents/HHRG-116-IF02-20190612-SD001.pdf",
      "type": "primary"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/oxycontin-maker-purdue-pharma-pleads-guilty-federal-criminal-charges",
      "label": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/oxycontin-maker-purdue-pharma-pleads-guilty-federal-criminal-charges",
      "type": "primary"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://casedocs.omniagentsolutions.com/cmsvol2/pub_47357/852874_40.pdf",
      "label": "https://casedocs.omniagentsolutions.com/cmsvol2/pub_47357/852874_40.pdf",
      "type": "primary"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.fda.gov/industry/fda-user-fee-programs/prescription-drug-user-fee-amendments",
      "label": "PDUFA Fee Schedule",
      "type": "citation"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/109279/documents/HHRG-116-IF02-20190612-SD001.pdf",
      "label": "House Oversight Committee: Sackler family distributions from Purdue Pharma",
      "type": "citation"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://casedocs.omniagentsolutions.com/cmsvol2/pub_47357/852874_40.pdf",
      "label": "Purdue Pharma bankruptcy filings: Sackler asset transfers",
      "type": "citation"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/health/purdue-pharma-sacklers-bankruptcy.html",
      "label": "Reporting on Sackler family asset sheltering",
      "type": "citation"
    }
  ],
  "queries": [
    {
      "description": "Chain record",
      "table": "money_flow_chains",
      "parameters": {
        "id": 1995
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "Chain hops with entity resolution",
      "table": "money_flow_hops",
      "parameters": {
        "chainId": 1995
      }
    }
  ],
  "dataSnapshot": {
    "chainId": "1995",
    "title": "Purdue Pharma → Sackler Family → Offshore Trusts",
    "sourceDescription": "Purdue Pharma generated over $35 billion in OxyContin revenue after securing an FDA label that facilitated mass prescribing. The Sackler family extracted over $10 billion in distributions before the company filed for bankruptcy amid 600,000+ opioid overdose deaths. Significant wealth was moved to offshore trusts and shell entities ahead of litigation.",
    "sourceRefType": "manual",
    "documentedTotal": "10700000000.00",
    "currency": "USD",
    "confidence": "primary",
    "sector": "pharmaceutical",
    "status": "active",
    "asOfDate": "2023-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
    "provenance": {
      "seedKey": "manual:purdue-sackler-extraction"
    },
    "hops": [
      {
        "ordinal": "1",
        "from": "Purdue Pharma",
        "to": "US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)",
        "amount": "2400000.00",
        "mechanism": "fee",
        "confidence": "secondary",
        "citations": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.fda.gov/industry/fda-user-fee-programs/prescription-drug-user-fee-amendments",
            "title": "PDUFA Fee Schedule",
            "publication": "FDA"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "ordinal": "2",
        "from": "Purdue Pharma",
        "to": "Sackler Family",
        "amount": "10700000000.00",
        "mechanism": "dividend",
        "confidence": "primary",
        "citations": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/109279/documents/HHRG-116-IF02-20190612-SD001.pdf",
            "title": "House Oversight Committee: Sackler family distributions from Purdue Pharma",
            "publication": "US Congress"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "ordinal": "3",
        "from": "Sackler Family",
        "to": "Sackler Family Trusts (Offshore)",
        "amount": "1000000000.00",
        "mechanism": "other",
        "confidence": "secondary",
        "citations": [
          {
            "url": "https://casedocs.omniagentsolutions.com/cmsvol2/pub_47357/852874_40.pdf",
            "title": "Purdue Pharma bankruptcy filings: Sackler asset transfers",
            "publication": "Bankruptcy Court"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/health/purdue-pharma-sacklers-bankruptcy.html",
            "title": "Reporting on Sackler family asset sheltering"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": null
  },
  "entities": [
    {
      "id": "32224",
      "name": "Purdue Pharma",
      "slug": "purdue-pharma",
      "type": "company"
    },
    {
      "id": "32226",
      "name": "US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)",
      "slug": "us-food-and-drug-administration-fda",
      "type": "institution"
    },
    {
      "id": "32225",
      "name": "Sackler Family",
      "slug": "sackler-family",
      "type": "family"
    },
    {
      "id": "32227",
      "name": "Sackler Family Trusts (Offshore)",
      "slug": "sackler-family-trusts-offshore",
      "type": "financial_vehicle"
    }
  ],
  "verificationSteps": [
    "Retrieve chain #1995 from money_flow_chains and confirm title and documented total.",
    "Hop 1: verify Purdue Pharma → US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ($2400000.00, fee) via https://www.fda.gov/industry/fda-user-fee-programs/prescription-drug-user-fee-amendments",
    "Hop 2: verify Purdue Pharma → Sackler Family ($10700000000.00, dividend) via https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/109279/documents/HHRG-116-IF02-20190612-SD001.pdf",
    "Hop 3: verify Sackler Family → Sackler Family Trusts (Offshore) ($1000000000.00, other) via https://casedocs.omniagentsolutions.com/cmsvol2/pub_47357/852874_40.pdf, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/health/purdue-pharma-sacklers-bankruptcy.html",
    "Verify the SHA-256 content hash by re-generating the JSON bundle."
  ]
}