{"entity":{"id":98,"slug":"paragon-solutions","name":"Paragon Solutions","type":"company","role":"Israeli spyware company; Graphite developer; US government client","description":"Israeli spyware company founded by Unit 8200 veterans. Developer of 'Graphite' surveillance tool. Unlike NSO's Pegasus, Paragon was explicitly marketed to Five Eyes countries. Reports indicate the US government was a Paragon client. Acquired by AE Industrial Partners (a US private equity firm with defence connections) in 2019.","imageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a9/Paragon_Solutions_logo.svg/330px-Paragon_Solutions_logo.svg.png","createdAt":"2026-04-05T19:58:39.390Z","updatedAt":"2026-06-09T20:09:52.363Z"},"electedOffice":null,"significance":{"score":17,"components":{"totalFindings":8,"connectionDegree":8,"recentFindings90d":0,"activeResearchJobs":0,"goblinAttributions":1,"recentSyntheses90d":0,"moneyFlowChainsTotal":0,"closedLoopMemberships":0,"moneyFlowHopsRecent90d":0},"computedAt":"2026-10-15T01:32:54.708Z"},"facts":[{"id":66079,"text":"No public US government contract award notice or modification includes the term 'Graphite' or references Paragon Solutions as a subcontractor or technology provider, suggesting either classified procurement channels, non-disclosure agreements, or that the technology is not actually used in the contracted work","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2024-06-15","source":null},{"id":5117,"text":"The May 2023 SEC filing suggests renewed regulatory reporting activity, potentially indicating the company re-emerged, underwent a reverse merger, or resumed public trading status","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2023-05-03","source":null},{"id":63545,"text":"No public documentation exists confirming CFIUS review of the AE Industrial Partners/Paragon transaction, despite the technology's clear defense and intelligence applications and Israeli ownership.","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2019-06-15","source":null},{"id":62612,"text":"Paragon Solutions' U.S. subsidiary (Paragon Solutions US Inc.) was registered in Delaware in 2019, the same year as AE Industrial Partners' acquisition, suggesting the corporate structure was designed from inception to facilitate undisclosed federal contracts under the REDLattice umbrella","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2019-06-15","source":null},{"id":61828,"text":"AE Industrial Partners' 2019 acquisition of Paragon Solutions was structured as an asset purchase into a subsidiary (REDLattice Inc.), with the acquired technology and personnel absorbed into REDLattice's existing US government contract structure, thereby eliminating Paragon as a standalone entity requiring SEC disclosure","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2019-06-15","source":null},{"id":62599,"text":"AE Industrial Partners acquired Paragon Solutions through its portfolio company REDLattice Incorporated, using a merger structure that may have shielded the acquisition from SEC reporting requirements applicable to public companies","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2019-06-15","source":null},{"id":66875,"text":"AE Industrial Partners' acquisition of Paragon Solutions did not involve the SEC-registered entity that filed in 2004; the acquired company was a different, privately held Israeli entity with no prior SEC registration.","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2019-06-15","source":null},{"id":62719,"text":"Paragon Solutions' U.S. subsidiary (Paragon Solutions (US) Inc.) was likely established to facilitate the AE acquisition and create a corporate structure that could bid on US government contracts without Israeli Defense Ministry export license restrictions on the parent company","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2019-06-15","source":null},{"id":62236,"text":"The Israeli spyware company Paragon Solutions has never been subject to US SEC reporting requirements as a publicly traded entity; its public facing US presence is through its subsidiary 'Paragon Solutions (US) Inc.', which is privately held.","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2019-06-15","source":null},{"id":11738,"text":"CFIUS review requirements for foreign surveillance technology acquisitions may systematically incentivize transaction structures that fall below SEC disclosure thresholds to minimize regulatory scrutiny","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2019-06-15","source":null},{"id":11735,"text":"Private equity acquisitions of foreign surveillance companies may systematically avoid SEC disclosure requirements by targeting private entities that were never subject to US reporting obligations, rather than through transaction structuring","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2019-06-15","source":null},{"id":11105,"text":"The 2019 timeframe of the reported acquisition coincided with increased Congressional and regulatory scrutiny of Israeli surveillance companies, potentially creating incentives for transaction opacity","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2019-06-15","source":null},{"id":11103,"text":"The absence of SEC disclosure filings for AE Industrial Partners' reported 2019 Paragon Solutions acquisition, despite AE Industrial's status as a multi-billion dollar private equity firm, indicates transaction structuring below SEC materiality thresholds or through non-equity mechanisms","confidence":"secondary","dateOccurred":"2019-06-15","source":null},{"id":11100,"text":"The regulatory compliance inference for AE Industrial Partners' 2019 Paragon acquisition is undermined by probable entity identity mismatch between the Israeli spyware company and the 2004 SEC-filing entity of the same name","confidence":"secondary","dateOccurred":"2019-06-15","source":null},{"id":9827,"text":"The claimed 2019 AE Industrial Partners acquisition of Paragon Solutions lacks verifiable documentation in standard SEC disclosure databases, despite AE Industrial's status as a major private equity firm that would typically file material acquisition disclosures","confidence":"secondary","dateOccurred":"2019-06-15","source":null},{"id":7908,"text":"AE Industrial Partners' 2019 acquisition of Paragon Solutions appears to have been structured to avoid triggering standard SEC disclosure requirements, suggesting either a de minimis transaction value or acquisition of non-public entity assets rather than corporate shares","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2019-06-15","source":null},{"id":7906,"text":"AE Industrial Partners' 2019 acquisition of Paragon Solutions created a potential mechanism for classified US government contracts to be obscured through the US private equity firm's existing defense contracting relationships","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2019-06-15","source":null},{"id":7902,"text":"AE Industrial Partners' 2019 acquisition of Israeli Paragon Solutions appears to have occurred without corresponding SEC disclosure filings, raising questions about regulatory compliance during the transaction period","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2019-06-15","source":null},{"id":19074,"text":"Paragon Solutions Ltd. was established in Israel in 2019","confidence":"primary","dateOccurred":"2019-01-01","source":{"title":"The Citizen Lab research report","url":"https://www.sec.gov/submit-filings/filer-support-resources/how-do-i-guides/file-schedule-13d-schedule-13-g-corresponding-amendments","publication":"Directed Inquiry — Web Search"}},{"id":9822,"text":"The commercial spyware industry timeline makes a continuous corporate entity from 2004 to present highly improbable, as Israeli offensive cyber companies emerged primarily after 2010 following smartphone proliferation and the development of mobile exploitation techniques","confidence":"secondary","dateOccurred":"2004-2023","source":null},{"id":7901,"text":"The 19-year SEC filing gap likely represents two distinct entities sharing the Paragon Solutions name rather than continuity of a single company, given the Israeli spyware company's documented founding timeline around 2016-2017","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2004-2023","source":null},{"id":67901,"text":"The pre-2019 corporation with SEC filings in 2004 (likely a shell or different entity) is unrelated to Paragon Solutions' operations, as Paragon was founded in 2019 in Israel.","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2004-06-15","source":null},{"id":7900,"text":"There is a probable entity identity mismatch between the 2004 SEC filing entity and the Israeli spyware company described, given the timeline inconsistencies with the commercial spyware industry's development","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2004-06-15","source":null},{"id":66876,"text":"The 19-year gap in SEC filings by 'Paragon Solutions' (2004–2023) is consistent with the 2004 filer being an inactive shell corporation unrelated to the Israeli spyware operator.","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2004-05-03","source":null},{"id":61829,"text":"The SEC filing activity attributed to 'Paragon Solutions' with a 2004 date originates from a different legal entity than the 2019-founded Israeli surveillance company, as the 2004 filing predates the company's establishment by 15 years","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2004-03-18","source":null},{"id":66874,"text":"The 2004 SEC filer 'Paragon Solutions' has not been linked to the 2019-founded Israeli spyware company Paragon Solutions through any publicly produced merger agreement, SEC disclosure, or corporate registration transfer.","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2004-03-18","source":null},{"id":62767,"text":"The 2004 SEC filing cluster under the name 'Paragon Solutions' is inconsistent with the entity's publicly stated founding date of 2019, suggesting either a database error (pre-existing shell company with matching name) or that the company's corporate history was deliberately obscured through the retention of an older dormant entity.","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2004-03-18","source":null},{"id":67803,"text":"The SEC filing cluster on 2004-03-18 attributed to Paragon Solutions is inconsistent with the company's 2019 founding date and may be a database error or a filing from a legally distinct prior entity that shared the name","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2004-03-18","source":null},{"id":62598,"text":"The 2004 SEC filing attributed to Paragon Solutions likely belongs to an unrelated entity, as Paragon Solutions Ltd. was not established until 2019 in Israel, and no US predecessor entity has been identified","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2004-03-18","source":null},{"id":9823,"text":"The March 18, 2004 simultaneous SEC filing cluster represents a significant undocumented corporate transaction that preceded the commercial spyware industry's development by approximately 6-12 years","confidence":"secondary","dateOccurred":"2004-03-18","source":null},{"id":5115,"text":"Paragon Solutions had significant SEC filing activity on a single date (March 18, 2004) with at least 5 filings submitted simultaneously, suggesting a major corporate event such as an IPO, merger, restructuring, or regulatory response","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":"2004-03-18","source":null},{"id":62237,"text":"No public record has been produced demonstrating that the 2004 SEC filer 'Paragon Solutions' is the same company as the 2019-founded Israeli spyware company acquired by AE Industrial Partners; this is a gap in the evidentiary chain.","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":72392,"text":"The absence of Paragon Solutions in USASpending.gov is inconsistent with documented DHS and US government use, suggesting that any US government contracts for Graphite surveillance technology were executed through subsidiaries (e.g., Paragon Solutions US Inc.) or classified procurement channels that do not appear in public databases.","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":72143,"text":"No publicly available SEC filing connects the 2004 'Paragon Solutions' entity to the 2019-founded Israeli spyware company, suggesting these are legally distinct entities or that the connection was private (e.g., a private share transfer not requiring SEC disclosure).","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":11739,"text":"The proliferation of common corporate names in surveillance technology creates systematic challenges for ownership tracking across jurisdictions, potentially enabling deliberate obfuscation","confidence":"secondary","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":11737,"text":"The regulatory gap mechanism between Israeli export licensing and US SEC disclosure requirements exists structurally regardless of the Paragon case specifics, as Israeli defense export controls operate independently of US corporate transparency requirements","confidence":"secondary","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":11734,"text":"The entity identity confusion between 2004 SEC-filing 'Paragon Solutions' and the Israeli spyware company demonstrates how surveillance technology ownership tracking is complicated by common naming patterns across different jurisdictions and time periods","confidence":"secondary","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":11102,"text":"The absence of corporate transparency records for Israeli spyware companies serving US government clients suggests deliberate legal structuring to maintain operational security while enabling procurement relationships","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":11101,"text":"Private equity acquisitions of foreign surveillance companies may be systematically structured to avoid SEC disclosure requirements through asset purchase mechanisms rather than equity acquisitions","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":9828,"text":"The entity identity confusion between a 2004 SEC-filing 'Paragon Solutions' and the Israeli spyware company highlights broader challenges in tracking surveillance technology company ownership through standard corporate transparency mechanisms","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":9826,"text":"The regulatory gap between Israeli export licensing requirements and US SEC acquisition disclosure creates potential opacity in surveillance technology transfers to US-controlled entities","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":9825,"text":"Private equity acquisitions of foreign surveillance companies may be deliberately structured to minimize SEC disclosure through asset purchase agreements, subsidiary structures, or CFIUS-influenced transaction design","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":9824,"text":"The absence of SEC disclosure filings for AE Industrial Partners' 2019 Paragon acquisition suggests either the transaction fell below materiality thresholds (typically 5-10% of assets/revenues) or was structured as an asset purchase rather than equity acquisition to avoid reporting requirements","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":7907,"text":"The complete absence of Paragon Solutions from standard corporate transparency databases, despite documented US government client relationships, indicates either deliberate operational security structuring or systematic use of alternate legal entities","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":7905,"text":"The absence of public federal contracts for Paragon Solutions is confirmed through USASpending database searches, but this does not preclude classified intelligence procurement arrangements that would not appear in public contracting databases","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":7904,"text":"AE Industrial Partners' 2019 acquisition of Israeli Paragon Solutions may not have triggered SEC disclosure requirements, suggesting the transaction fell below materiality thresholds or involved non-public entities","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":7903,"text":"The SEC filing analysis for Paragon Solutions lacks critical details including form types and accession numbers, preventing determination of filing significance or corporate continuity","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":7899,"text":"The volume of simultaneous SEC filings on 2004-03-18 is consistent with a major corporate transaction such as an IPO registration, merger, or significant restructuring event","confidence":"secondary","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":5119,"text":"Absence of lobbying disclosures, court records, and corporate registration results in public databases suggests either limited public footprint, potential name variations in official records, or that the entity operates primarily through subsidiaries or alternate legal names","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":5118,"text":"No federal government contracts found in USASpending database, indicating Paragon Solutions does not appear to be a significant federal contractor","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":5116,"text":"After the 2004 filing cluster, there is a nearly 19-year gap in SEC filing activity until May 2023, indicating either the company went private, was acquired, became dormant, or operated below SEC reporting thresholds during this period","confidence":"inferential","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":5112,"text":"No lobbying disclosures found for \"Paragon Solutions\" in public databases as of 2026-04-07.","confidence":"secondary","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":5111,"text":"No corporate registrations found for \"Paragon Solutions\" in public databases as of 2026-04-07.","confidence":"secondary","dateOccurred":null,"source":null},{"id":5110,"text":"No usaspending contracts found for \"Paragon Solutions\" in public databases as of 2026-04-07.","confidence":"secondary","dateOccurred":null,"source":null}],"connections":[{"id":8067,"relationshipType":"founder","description":"Former Unit 8200 commander and founder/chairman of Paragon Solutions","confidence":"confirmed","firstDocumented":null,"lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":6834,"name":"Ehud Schneorson","slug":"ehud-schneorson","type":"person"}},{"id":8066,"relationshipType":"founder","description":"Former Israeli Prime Minister and founder of Paragon Solutions","confidence":"confirmed","firstDocumented":null,"lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":116,"name":"Ehud Barak","slug":"ehud-barak","type":"person"}},{"id":8065,"relationshipType":"merger","description":"Paragon merged into REDLattice as part of AE acquisition","confidence":"confirmed","firstDocumented":null,"lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":6831,"name":"REDLattice Incorporated","slug":"redlattice-incorporated","type":"company"}},{"id":8063,"relationshipType":"acquirer","description":"AE Industrial Partners acquired Paragon Solutions for $500-900 million","confidence":"confirmed","firstDocumented":null,"lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":6833,"name":"AE Industrial Partners, LP","slug":"ae-industrial-partners-lp","type":"company"}},{"id":19440,"relationshipType":"comparative corporate structure","description":"Like General Dynamics, Paragon uses complex subsidiary structures (Paragon Solutions (US) Inc., Paragon Parent Inc.) that obscure parent company visibility in federal databases.","confidence":"inferential","firstDocumented":"2024","lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":129,"name":"General Dynamics","slug":"general-dynamics","type":"company"}},{"id":18216,"relationshipType":"investor","description":"Sequoia Capital's investments in multiple Israeli cybersecurity companies founded by Unit 8200 alumni is consistent with known investments in firms like Paragon Solutions, which was founded by Unit 8200 alumni.","confidence":"inferential","firstDocumented":"2022","lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":119,"name":"Sequoia Capital","slug":"sequoia-capital","type":"company"}},{"id":17011,"relationshipType":"comparative context (industry peer)","description":"Like Wiz, Paragon Solutions is an Israeli cybersecurity company with Unit 8200 alumni origins that may engage government relations through non-disclosure channels.","confidence":"inferential","firstDocumented":"2020","lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":104,"name":"Wiz","slug":"wiz","type":"company"}},{"id":16987,"relationshipType":"Potential classified procurement","description":"Any US government use of Paragon's Graphite technology may have occurred through classified CIA procurement channels or SIOP-allocated contracts.","confidence":"inferential","firstDocumented":"2019","lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":85,"name":"Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)","slug":"central-intelligence-agency-cia","type":"institution"}},{"id":16915,"relationshipType":"contractor","description":"DHS consolidated AI functions into large vendor platforms including Paragon Solutions, as reported in 2025","confidence":"inferential","firstDocumented":"2025","lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":80,"name":"US Department of Homeland Security (DHS)","slug":"us-department-of-homeland-security-dhs","type":"institution"}},{"id":12032,"relationshipType":"competitor","description":"ELTA Electronics Industries and Paragon Solutions are both Israeli companies involved in defense and intelligence technology sectors.","confidence":"inferential","firstDocumented":"2026","lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":6852,"name":"ELTA Electronics Industries","slug":"elta-electronics-industries","type":"company"}},{"id":12026,"relationshipType":"funding recipient","description":"As an Israeli technology company, Paragon Solutions may be among the recipients of Horizon Europe funding to Israel involving 921 projects between 2021-2024.","confidence":"inferential","firstDocumented":"2024","lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":6851,"name":"Horizon Europe","slug":"horizon-europe","type":"institution"}},{"id":12005,"relationshipType":"organizational association","description":"Dani Naveh appears in the same known entities list as Paragon Solutions, suggesting a potential connection to this Israeli surveillance technology company.","confidence":"inferential","firstDocumented":"2013","lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":6844,"name":"Dani Naveh","slug":"dani-naveh","type":"person"}},{"id":11940,"relationshipType":"affiliation","description":"REDL Ultimate Holdings, LP is linked to Paragon Solutions through shared board members and the REDLattice corporate structure, indicating common ownership or close business relationship.","confidence":"inferential","firstDocumented":"2024","lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":6832,"name":"REDL Ultimate Holdings, LP","slug":"redl-ultimate-holdings-lp","type":"company"}},{"id":540,"relationshipType":"competitor","description":"Both NSO Group and Paragon Solutions are Israeli surveillance technology companies operating in the same spyware/lawful intercept market, often competing for the same government clients.","confidence":"inferential","firstDocumented":"2019","lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":97,"name":"NSO Group","slug":"nso-group","type":"company"}},{"id":14211,"relationshipType":"founder","description":"Omri Lavie co-founded Paragon Solutions, another Israeli surveillance technology company, after leaving NSO Group.","confidence":"primary","firstDocumented":"2019","lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":4118,"name":"Omri Lavie","slug":"omri-lavie","type":"person"}},{"id":14160,"relationshipType":"founder","description":"Shalev Hulio co-founded Paragon Solutions, an Israeli spyware company, after leaving NSO Group.","confidence":"primary","firstDocumented":"2019","lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":4117,"name":"Shalev Hulio","slug":"shalev-hulio","type":"person"}},{"id":11982,"relationshipType":"employment","description":"Yuval Shimoni is listed among executives and key personnel associated with Paragon Solutions, appearing in the entity list alongside other Paragon executives like Ehud Schneorson, Andrew Boyd, James McConville, Idan Nurick, Igor Bogdalov, Liad Abraham, Roi Kahlon, and Amir Baram.","confidence":"primary","firstDocumented":"2026","lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":6842,"name":"Yuval Shimoni","slug":"yuval-shimoni","type":"person"}},{"id":11936,"relationshipType":"subsidiary","description":"Paragon Solutions (US) Inc. is the U.S. subsidiary of Paragon Solutions","confidence":"primary","firstDocumented":"2021","lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":6829,"name":"Paragon Solutions (US) Inc.","slug":"paragon-solutions-us-inc","type":"company"}},{"id":512,"relationshipType":"export_licensing","description":"Paragon Solutions, an Israeli spyware company, requires export licenses from the Israeli Ministry of Defense for its Graphite surveillance tool","confidence":"primary","firstDocumented":"2019","lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":89,"name":"Israeli Ministry of Defense","slug":"israeli-ministry-of-defense","type":"institution"}},{"id":11981,"relationshipType":"colleague","description":"Amir Baram is listed alongside key figures at Paragon Solutions (including Ehud Schneorson, Andrew Boyd, James McConville, Idan Nurick, Igor Bogdalov, Liad Abraham, Roi Kahlon, Yuval Shimoni) in the known entities database, indicating a professional association with the company's leadership team.","confidence":"secondary","firstDocumented":"2026","lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":6841,"name":"Amir Baram","slug":"amir-baram","type":"person"}},{"id":558,"relationshipType":"alumni_founded_company","description":"Paragon Solutions is an Israeli surveillance technology company with documented links to Unit 8200 alumni, consistent with the pattern noted in documented facts about alumni-founded companies.","confidence":"secondary","firstDocumented":"2019","lastDocumented":null,"other":{"id":102,"name":"Unit 8200 (IDF)","slug":"unit-8200-idf","type":"institution"}}],"contradictions":[],"permalink":"https://www.goblinhouse.net/entity/paragon-solutions","timelineUrl":"https://www.goblinhouse.net/entity/paragon-solutions/timeline"}