[CAPTURE PORTAL] 119TH CONGRESS

Legislative Integrity Monitor

Goblin House Intelligence

Brett Guthrie

Republican · Representative, KY ·2

Brett Guthrie is the Republican U.S. Representative (KY's 2nd congressional district). The platform has 10 voting records on file (2011-2026) and 56 verified facts on file covering this member's voting positions, financial disclosures, and stated platform commitments.

Score Components

81 HIGH

Connection Density 20%

50 → 10

Donor Influence 15%

100 → 15

Silence Risk 25%

85 → 21

Contradiction Risk 25%

91 → 23

Intelligence Volume 15%

73 → 11

Constituency Deviation 0%

44 → 0

Voting Misalignment 0%

0 → 0

% = weight in composite score · Raw component 0–100 × weight = weighted contribution (→) · Sum of contributions = overall score. Hover a row for details.

[constituency_baseline] Demographic anchor: Median Property Value: $213,900 (2024)

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Demographic anchor: 2024 Presidential Vote (Kentucky statewide): Trump 64.5% — Harris 33.9%

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Demographic anchor: Medicaid Enrollment: Nearly 1 in 3 Kentuckians enrolled in Medicaid (statewide); Kentucky expanded Medicaid under the ACA

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Demographic anchor: Racial/Ethnic Composition: White (Non-Hispanic) ~84%, Black or African American ~5.1%, Hispanic ~4.6%, Two or More Races ~3.1%

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Demographic anchor: Median Age: 39 years

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Demographic anchor: Bachelor's Degree or Higher: 23.8% (vs 33.7% national)

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Demographic anchor: Homeownership Rate: 70.4% (2024)

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Demographic anchor: Poverty Rate: 14.7% (2024)

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Demographic anchor: Median Household Income: $66,796 (2024); National: $78,538; Kentucky: $60,000 range

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Demographic anchor: Population: 765,661 (2024)

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Ballot measure: Kentucky Constitutional Amendment 2 (2024) — Allow public tax dollars to support private and charter schools (2024) — failed, margin ~65% No — ~35% Yes; defeated in every Kentucky county

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Ballot measure: Kentucky Constitutional Amendment 1 (2024) — Requires U.S. citizenship to vote in state elections (2024) — passed, margin 62.4% Yes — 37.6% No

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Dominant industry: NAICS 92 (Public Administration — military/defense via Fort Knox) (share 0)

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Dominant industry: NAICS 61 (Educational Services) (share 0)

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Dominant industry: NAICS 62 (Health Care and Social Assistance) (share 0)

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Dominant industry: NAICS 31-33 (Manufacturing — automotive, aluminum, food processing) (share 0)

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Top employer: Trace Die Cast Inc. (540 employees)

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Top employer: GM Corvette Assembly Plant (1100 employees)

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Top employer: Logan Aluminum Inc. (1345 employees)

secondary ✓ Verified

[constituency_baseline] Top employer: Dart Container Corporation (1600 employees)

secondary ✓ Verified

House Energy and Commerce Committee Leadership Ascended to chairmanship of the House Energy and Commerce Committee in January 2025.

One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) Legislative Support As Energy & Commerce Committee Chair, Guthrie led the committee in crafting the House framework and voted for the Act, which independent analyses project will…

Donald Trump Endorsement Was endorsed by Donald Trump in 2024.

AIPAC / United Democracy Project Endorsement Was endorsed by AIPAC in 2024.

Mckinsey & Company, Inc. United States Political Action Committee (Mckinsey PAC) donor $5,000 to Brett Guthrie's principal committee in the 2026 cycle (1 contribution), FEC Schedule A line 11C. https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00908228/

Exact Sciences Corporation Political Action Committee donor $5,000 to Brett Guthrie's principal committee in the 2026 cycle (2 contributions), FEC Schedule A line 11C. https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00901843/

Highland Electric Fleets, Inc. PAC donor $6,000 to Brett Guthrie's principal committee in the 2026 cycle (2 contributions), FEC Schedule A line 11C. https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00888727/

Hims & Hers Health, Inc. PAC donor $5,000 to Brett Guthrie's principal committee in the 2026 cycle (3 contributions), FEC Schedule A line 11C. https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00882068/

Siemens Energy, Inc. PAC donor $7,500 to Brett Guthrie's principal committee in the 2026 cycle (2 contributions), FEC Schedule A line 11C. https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848820/

Lantheus Holdings Inc Political Action Committee (Lantheus P donor $5,000 to Brett Guthrie's principal committee in the 2026 cycle (1 contribution), FEC Schedule A line 11C. https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848697/

New York Life PAC donor $5,000 to Brett Guthrie's principal committee in the 2024 cycle (2 contributions), FEC Schedule A line 11C. https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848093/

Ge Company Healthcare Political Action Committee donor $5,000 to Brett Guthrie's principal committee in the 2024 cycle (4 contributions), FEC Schedule A line 11C. https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00830208/

Glaukos Ipac donor $5,000 to Brett Guthrie's principal committee in the 2026 cycle (2 contributions), FEC Schedule A line 11C. https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00825364/

Kentucky Hospital Association PAC donor $5,000 to Brett Guthrie's principal committee in the 2024 cycle (1 contribution), FEC Schedule A line 11C. https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00806117/

American Israel Public Affairs Committee PAC donor $15,000 to Brett Guthrie's principal committee in the 2024 cycle (3 contributions), FEC Schedule A line 11C. https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00797670/

Catalent, Inc PAC donor $5,000 to Brett Guthrie's principal committee in the 2024 cycle (2 contributions), FEC Schedule A line 11C. https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00796813/

Constellation Energy Corporation Employee Political Action Committee (Cepac) donor $10,000 to Brett Guthrie's principal committee in the 2026 cycle (3 contributions), FEC Schedule A line 11C. https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00793711/

Houchens Industries, Inc. Political Action Committee - Houchens PAC donor $5,000 to Brett Guthrie's principal committee in the 2024 cycle (1 contribution), FEC Schedule A line 11C. https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00792549/

Live Nation Entertainment, Inc., Political Action Committee (Live Nation PAC) donor $5,300 to Brett Guthrie's principal committee in the 2024 cycle (2 contributions), FEC Schedule A line 11C. https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00791103/

Sylvamo Corporation PAC donor $7,500 to Brett Guthrie's principal committee in the 2026 cycle (2 contributions), FEC Schedule A line 11C. https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00789602/

Bill	Vote	Date	Alignment
An Act to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow early childhood…	Yea	2026-09-16	unknown
National Fraud Enforcement Division Act	Yea	2026-09-16	unknown
Ratepayer Protection Act	Yea	2026-09-16	unknown
PROOF Act	Yea	2026-09-16	unknown
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United…	Yea	2026-09-16	unknown
Water Resources Development Act	Yea	2026-09-16	unknown
Retire through Ownership Act	Yea	2026-09-16	unknown
Diesel Emissions Reduction Act	Yea	2026-09-15	unknown
Tax Relief for Fraud Victims Act	Yea	2026-09-15	unknown
Providing for consideration of the bills H.R. 9576 and H.R. 10326, providing…	Yea	2026-09-15	unknown
Directing the President, pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers…	Nay	2026-09-15	unknown
GUARD Act	Yea	2026-09-15	unknown
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United…	Yea	2026-09-15	unknown
Providing for consideration of the bills H.R. 9576 and H.R. 10326, providing…	Yea	2026-09-15	unknown
Fostering the Use of Technology to Uphold Regulatory Effectiveness in…	Yea	2026-09-15	unknown
Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes…	Yea	2026-09-15	unknown
Whistleblower Protection Act	Yea	2026-09-15	unknown
National Wildlife Refuge System Invasive Species Strike Team Act	Yea	2026-09-14	unknown
Local Communities & Bird Habitat Stewardship Act	Yea	2026-09-14	unknown
Protect Economic and Academic Freedom Act	Yea	2026-09-03	unknown
Protecting Domestic Mining Act	Yea	2026-09-02	unknown
Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require…	Yea	2026-09-02	unknown
Providing for the condemnation and denouncement of socialism in all its forms…	Yea	2026-09-01	unknown
To amend the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 to extend the time period…	Yea	2026-09-01	unknown
In the matter of allegations relating to Representative Chuck Edwards	Yea	2026-09-01	unknown
AGOA Extension Act	Yea	2026-09-01	unknown
To amend the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 to extend the time period…	Nay	2026-09-01	unknown
Providing for consideration of the bills (H.R. 1501, H.R. 9436, and H.R…	Yea	2026-09-01	unknown
Providing for consideration of the bills (H.R. 1501, H.R. 9436, and H.R…	Yea	2026-09-01	unknown
Local Access to Courts Act	Yea	2026-08-31	unknown

Last contradiction analysis: Never

statement_vs_disclosure 90/100

Platform: "Guthrie tweeted on August 25: 'President Biden's taxpayer-funded student loan debt cancellation plan is a bribe to score political points ahead of the election at the expense of Americans who decided to pursue careers…

[ Show full platform position ]

Guthrie tweeted on August 25: 'President Biden's taxpayer-funded student loan debt cancellation plan is a bribe to score political points ahead of the election at the expense of Americans who decided to pursue careers that didn't require taking on student debt or who worked hard to pay off their debt already.'

Vote: on "Trace Die Cast Inc., the family-owned aluminum die-casting business where Guthrie serves as an…"

Guthrie publicly characterized student loan forgiveness as a taxpayer-funded 'bribe,' yet his own family business received $4.3 million in federal PPP loan forgiveness — a direct taxpayer subsidy. The Kentucky Democratic Party noted this represented the equivalent of four years of tuition for about 97 Western…

[ Show full analysis ]

statement_vs_disclosure 90/100

Platform: "As Energy & Commerce Committee Chair, Guthrie led the committee in crafting the House framework that strengthened Medicaid for 'the most vulnerable' and stated: 'I rise in support of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act…

[ Show full platform position ]

As Energy & Commerce Committee Chair, Guthrie led the committee in crafting the House framework that strengthened Medicaid for 'the most vulnerable' and stated: 'I rise in support of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act... to protect health care for our most vulnerable Americans.'

Vote: on "The FY 2025 Budget Resolution passed the House directing the Energy and Commerce Committee to cut…"

Guthrie publicly claimed the One Big Beautiful Bill would 'protect health care for our most vulnerable Americans,' yet the reconciliation framework he voted for and helped negotiate directed $880 billion in cuts largely from Medicaid, the program covering nearly 1 in 3 Kentuckians.

platform_vs_vote 90/100

Platform: "Guthrie introduced H.R. 7174 (the EPIC Act) to extend the exemption period from Medicare drug price negotiation for small-molecule drugs, which would weaken the Medicare drug price negotiation provisions enacted in the…

[ Show full platform position ]

Guthrie introduced H.R. 7174 (the EPIC Act) to extend the exemption period from Medicare drug price negotiation for small-molecule drugs, which would weaken the Medicare drug price negotiation provisions enacted in the Inflation Reduction Act.

Vote: on "Guthrie received $507,000 from the pharmaceuticals and health products industry in the 2024 cycle…"

Guthrie introduced legislation to weaken Medicare's ability to negotiate lower drug prices (H.R. 7174) while simultaneously being the top recipient of pharmaceutical industry campaign cash in Congress, having received $507,000 from the industry in the 2024 cycle alone.

Last silence detection: Thu, 08 Oct 2026 01:14:11 GMT (via scheduled run)

Conflict of interest as Trace Die Cast board member while serving on Energy & Commerce Committee

2534d silent

[ Show full donor-interest summary ]

Expected position: As chair of the Energy and Commerce Committee with jurisdiction over motor vehicle safety and interstate commerce, Guthrie would be expected to address his board membership on Trace Die Cast, an aluminum auto-parts manufacturer with up to $10.5 million of his personal wealth invested. Evidence of activity on adjacent topics: Guthrie has been publicly active throughout this period, giving interviews about energy policy, healthcare, and trade. Sludge reported in 2019 on his conflict of interest, noting that 'Guthrie's office did not return a request for comment.' He also did not respond to requests for comment from Kentucky Lantern in 2025 regarding his fundraising. No public statement addressing the conflict-of-interest concerns about his simultaneous role as Trace Die Cast board member and E&C chair was identified. Primary URL: https://readsludge.com/2019/01/23/congressman-sits-on-board-of-family-business-could-influence-policy-to-help-it/

PPP loan forgiveness for family business Trace Die Cast

950d silent

[ Show full donor-interest summary ]

Expected position: As a congressman who publicly criticized student loan debt forgiveness as a 'bribe to score political points,' Guthrie would be expected to address the $4.3 million in PPP loans that were forgiven for Trace Die Cast Inc., the family manufacturing business where he serves as an uncompensated board member. Evidence of activity on adjacent topics: Guthrie tweeted on August 25, 2022 criticizing President Biden's student loan forgiveness plan. He was also active throughout the 2023-2025 period giving media interviews and issuing press statements on healthcare and budget issues. However, when confronted by LEX 18 News about the PPP loan forgiveness for Trace Die Cast, Guthrie did not return a request for comment. The Kentucky Democratic Party further documented that he 'stayed silent when his $4.3 million in federal PPP loans were forgiven by Kentucky taxpayers.' He did not address this contradiction in any public statement identified. Primary URL: https://www.lex18.com/news/ky-dems-use-ppp-loans-to-claim-hypocrisy-regarding-student-loan-opinion

ideological & single-issue

Animal Wellness Action PAC (amounts: $5,000 (2026)) — interest area: ideological & single-issue

other candidates' committees

Lennox Employee Advocacy Program Lennox International Inc, Friends Of Community Oncology PAC, Huck PAC (amounts: $5,000 (2026), $10,000 (2026), $5,000 (2024)) — interest area: other candidates' committees

other / unclassified

[ Show full donor-interest summary ]

Acpac Aca International PAC, Arentfox Schiff Civic Participation Fund (Afspac), Healthcare Distribution Alliance Political Action Committee, Thoroughbred PAC, National Confectioners Association Of The United States, Inc. Political Action Committee (, American Bakers Association American Bakers PAC, Bracepac, National Association For Behavioral Healthcare Champions PAC, American Osteopathic Information Association, Cap-PAC Separate Segregated Fund Of The National Community Action Foundation Inc, National Funeral Directors PAC, American Sun Tanning Association PAC, Kelley Drye & Warren PAC, Office Of The Commissioner Of Major League Baseball PAC, Society For Vascular Surgery PAC, Emergency Department Practice Management, Specialty Equipment Market Association PAC, Alston & Bird PAC, Labpac, American Gastroenterological Association Inc. PAC, Hearpac Of Hearing Industries Association, Concordia PAC, Alzheimer'S Impact Movement PAC, Aksm Urology PAC, Psychology PAC Of American Psychological Association Services Inc., Usacs PAC, Bmi Political Action Committee, Consumer Financial Empowerment PAC, Seal PAC USA, Asco Association Political Action Committee (Asco Association PAC) (amounts: $5,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $7,500 (2026), $10,500 (2026), $6,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $7,500 (2026), $6,500 (2024), $8,500 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $7,000 (2024), $5,000 (2024), $8,500 (2024), $15,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $6,000 (2026), $7,500 (2026), $5,000 (2024), $5,000 (2024), $5,000 (2026), $9,000 (2026), $5,000 (2024), $10,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $7,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026)) — interest area: other / unclassified

corporate pacs, industry unlisted

[ Show full donor-interest summary ]

Philips North America LLC PAC, Boehringer Ingelheim PAC, Catalent, Inc PAC, Alticor Political Action Committee (Altipac), Bp North America Employees PAC, Emergent Biosolutions Inc Employees PAC, Roche Diagnostics Corporation PAC, Ecolab Inc. Political Action Committee, Johnson Controls Inc. Political Action Committee, Vizient, Inc., Political Action Committee, Swedish Match North America LLC PAC, United States Cellular Corporation PAC, Relx PAC, Siemens Corporation PAC, Energysolutions, Inc. Fund For Effective Government (Energysolutions PAC), Calportland Company Political Action Committee (Cpcc-PAC), Ardent Legacy Holdings LLC Good Government Fund, The Grant Thornton LLP Political Action Committee LLC, Ericsson Inc. U.S. Employees Political Action Committee ('Ericsson PAC'), Elekta Holdings Us, Inc. Political Action Committee ('Elektapac'), Eisai Inc PAC, Televisaunivision, Inc. Employee Political Action Committee, Amedisys PAC, Invenergy PAC, Polsinelli PAC, Asurion LLC Political Action Committee (Asurion PAC), Lundbeck LLC Employee, Heidelberg Materials Us, Inc. PAC, Alkermes Inc. Political Action Committee, Air Methods Corporation PAC (Ampac), Hall Render Killian Heath Lyman PAC, Professional Compounding Centers Of America Political Action Committee (Pcca PAC), Novocure Inc. PAC (A.K.A. Novocure PAC), Villagemd PAC, Pain Free America, The Political Action Committee Of Athletico Holdings, LLC, Houchens Industries, Inc. Political Action Committee - Houchens PAC, Glaukos Ipac, Lantheus Holdings Inc Political Action Committee (Lantheus P, Exact Sciences Corporation Political Action Committee, Mckinsey & Company, Inc. United States Political Action Committee (Mckinsey PAC) (amounts: $5,000 (2026), $10,000 (2026), $5,000 (2024), $5,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $7,500 (2024), $7,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $7,500 (2026), $10,000 (2026), $10,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $10,000 (2024), $6,000 (2024), $5,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $10,000 (2026), $10,000 (2026), $5,500 (2024), $5,000 (2026), $8,000 (2026), $5,000 (2024), $5,000 (2024), $5,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $7,500 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $7,500 (2024), $10,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $10,000 (2024), $5,000 (2026), $10,000 (2024), $5,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $5,000 (2024), $5,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026)) — interest area: corporate pacs, industry unlisted

colleagues' leadership pacs

[ Show full donor-interest summary ]

Cmr Political Action Committee, Road To Freedom Campaign Committee, Mr. Southern Missourian In The House PAC, Eye Of The Tiger PAC, Jobs Energy And Our Founding Fathers PAC, Heartdocpac, Innovation PAC, Electing Majority Making Effective Republicans (Emmer PAC), In The Arena PAC, Giving Us Security Political Action Committee (amounts: $5,000 (2024), $5,000 (2026), $10,000 (2024), $5,000 (2024), $9,000 (2026), $10,000 (2026), $10,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $5,000 (2026), $5,000 (2024)) — interest area: colleagues' leadership pacs

Swisher International Inc PAC Alcohol & tobacco $9,580 (2026)

Wine And Spirits Wholesalers Of America, Inc. PAC Alcohol & tobacco $5,000 (2026)

National Beer Wholesalers Association PAC (Nbwa PAC) Alcohol & tobacco $5,000 (2026)

Altria Group, Inc PAC Alcohol & tobacco $10,000 (2026)

Brown-Forman Corporation-Non Partisan Alcohol & tobacco $5,000 (2026)

Reynolds American Inc. PAC (Rai PAC) Alcohol & tobacco $10,000 (2026)

Mckinsey & Company, Inc. United States Political Action Committee (Mckinsey PAC) Corporate PACs, industry unlisted $5,000 (2026)

Exact Sciences Corporation Political Action Committee Corporate PACs, industry unlisted $5,000 (2026)

Highland Electric Fleets, Inc. PAC Utilities & nuclear $6,000 (2026)

Hims & Hers Health, Inc. PAC Health care & pharma $5,000 (2026)

Siemens Energy, Inc. PAC Oil, gas & mining $7,500 (2026)

Lantheus Holdings Inc Political Action Committee (Lantheus P Corporate PACs, industry unlisted $5,000 (2026)

New York Life PAC Insurance $5,000 (2024)

Ge Company Healthcare Political Action Committee Technology $10,000 (2026)

Glaukos Ipac Corporate PACs, industry unlisted $5,000 (2026)

Topic	Priority	Alignment	Deviation
Medicaid Funding and Rural Hospital Viability	92	-65	82
Affordable Healthcare and Prescription Drug Costs	86	-40	60
Government Spending and Federal Debt	66	55	35
Education and Workforce Development	62	45	30
Women's Sports and Social/Cultural Issues	68	60	20
Tax Policy and Deficit/Balanced Budget	74	70	15
Infrastructure and Transportation	60	70	12
Disaster Assistance and Emergency Management	65	80	10
Veterans and Military Affairs	70	75	10
Energy Pricing and Utility Costs	72	80	8
Coal and Energy Industry Support	78	90	5
Border Security and Illegal Immigration Enforcement	80	85	5

No platform commitments archived

No committee memberships recorded

Scoring Methodology

The Capture Risk Score is a composite 0–100 index measuring potential regulatory capture of elected officials. It is computed from seven weighted components:

Component	Weight	Signal
Contradiction Risk	30%	Stated positions contradicted by the record (recent findings boosted)
Donor Influence	20%	Distinct documented donors (FEC Schedule A PACs); inferred donors do not count
Connection Density	20%	Mapped relationships to lobbyists, contractors, interest groups; donor links excluded
Silence Risk	15%	Topics where donors have interests but the official is silent
Intelligence Volume	15%	Documented facts from verified sources
Constituency Deviation	0%	Shown, not weighted — a model estimate, not a record
Voting Misalignment	0%	Shown, not weighted — needs platform commitments almost nobody has; the roll-call record on /votes is the vote signal

Each component is the member's standing among all scored members of Congress, and the weighted sum is the overall score. Tiers are ranks: Critical is the top 5%, High the next 10%, Elevated the next 20%, Moderate the next 30%, and Low the rest.

Officials without at least 2 documented facts, 1 contradiction analysis, 1 voting record, or 1 constituency baseline are marked Insufficient Evidence and excluded from numeric ranking.

Contradiction findings from the last 180 days receive a recency boost. High-severity contradictions (score ≥ 70) receive additional weight.

Full methodology: /congress/methodology

[PUBLIC COST ESTIMATE]

Documented financial relationships span 0 money flow chains.

$27.8BDonor Contributions

0Money Chains

0Traced Hops

Calculation Methodology

Contract values are summed from documented money flow chains where this entity appears as a source or destination node. Amounts are drawn from USASpending.gov, FEC filings, SEC EDGAR, or LD-2 lobbying registrations.

Donor contributions aggregate documented amounts from the donor_interests table, sourced from FEC individual and PAC contribution filings.

Connected officials are elected officials in our database with a mapped relationship (lobbying, board membership, campaign contribution, etc.) to this entity.

Annualised flow represents the total documented dollar amount traced through money flow hops involving this entity. Where hop-level amounts are unavailable, the chain-level documented total is used as a conservative upper bound.

All figures are drawn from public filings. Estimates are conservative — undisclosed transactions, dark money, and vanish-point hops are excluded from totals. This is a minimum documented floor, not a ceiling.

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