NSO Group solicited $50M from US investors via Form D in 2021

Documented total $50.00M

As of2021-05-01

Confidence[SECONDARY]

Source

NSO Group filed a Form D with the SEC in May 2021, indicating a planned securities offering of up to $50 million to U.S. investors. This capital raise occurred shortly before the U.S. Commerce Department placed the company on the Entity List in November 2021, disrupting the flow of American funds into the Israeli spyware firm.

https://www.sec.gov/edgar/search/#/q=NSO%2520Group&dateRange=custom&startdt=2021-01-01&enddt=2021-12-31 ↗

Hops

(no hops documented)

Methodology

How amounts are sourced. Dollar figures are drawn from public disclosure filings: USASpending.gov for federal contracts, FEC filings for political contributions, SEC EDGAR for corporate disclosures, LD-2 lobbying registrations for lobbying expenditures, and Congressional records for appropriations. Each hop carries its own citations linking to the primary filing. Where an amount is unavailable (classified contracts, private transactions), the hop is marked "undisclosed" rather than estimated.

About vanish points. A vanish point marks the node at which the money trail goes dark. Each marker carries a typed reason from a fixed taxonomy (shell company, offshore jurisdiction, undisclosed beneficial owner, etc) and a curator note describing what is and isn't known. Vanish points are highlighted in red in the flow diagram above. They are evidence of opacity, not endpoints — every reason is a documented systemic feature of the disclosure regime that prevents further tracing.

Confidence tiers. Each hop and chain carries a confidence rating: primary (sourced directly from official filings), secondary (sourced from reporting or derived records), or inferential (existence is established but details are reconstructed from indirect evidence).

PROVE IT How verification works →