SUBJECT-0098.dossier · company · status: active
Paragon Solutions PS
subject of file

Paragon Solutions

Israeli spyware company; Graphite developer; US government client
Tracked because Israeli spyware company; Graphite developer; US government client · 21 documented connections
Editorial summary · AI-drafted from public records

Israeli spyware company founded by Unit 8200 veterans. Developer of 'Graphite' surveillance tool. Unlike NSO's Pegasus, Paragon was explicitly marketed to Five Eyes countries. Reports indicate the US government was a Paragon client. Acquired by AE Industrial Partners (a US private equity firm with defence connections) in 2019.

Facts on record54
Connections mapped21
Sources cited21
Evidence: 1P 12S+4 41I+33
Network web → Timeline → Compare with… → Wikipedia history → Position Drift → Coverage tone → View on Graph → View Card → Export CSV JSON Dossier ← Entity Directory
Stated vs Revealed
No documented contradictions on file.
PATTERN person → [oversight] → institution → [contractor] → company 475× PATTERN company → [investor] → company → [investor] → company 415× PATTERN company → [competitor] → company → [competitor] → company 339× PATTERN company → [contractor] → institution → [contractor] → com... 301× PATTERN company → [subsidiary] → company → [affiliation] → company 278×
Connection Map
Key Connections
← Israeli Ministry of Defense institution
export_licensing
Paragon Solutions, an Israeli spyware company, requires export licenses from the Israeli Ministry of Defense for its Graphite surveillance tool
← Shalev Hulio person
founder
Shalev Hulio co-founded Paragon Solutions, an Israeli spyware company, after leaving NSO Group.
← Omri Lavie person
founder
Omri Lavie co-founded Paragon Solutions, another Israeli surveillance technology company, after leaving NSO Group.
← Paragon Solutions (US) Inc. company
subsidiary
Paragon Solutions (US) Inc. is the U.S. subsidiary of Paragon Solutions
← Yuval Shimoni person
employment
Yuval Shimoni is listed among executives and key personnel associated with Paragon Solutions, appearing in the entity list alongside other Paragon executives like Ehud Schneorson, Andrew Boyd, James McConville, Idan Nurick, Igor Bogdalov, Liad Abraham, Roi Kahlon, and Amir Baram.
→ REDLattice Incorporated company
merger
Paragon merged into REDLattice as part of AE acquisition
← Ehud Schneorson person
founder
Former Unit 8200 commander and founder/chairman of Paragon Solutions
← Ehud Barak person
founder
Former Israeli Prime Minister and founder of Paragon Solutions
Facts (54)
Data Freshness
Ageing Last update: 160d ago · Avg age: 1136d
Confidence Tiers: Primary Source — cross-referenced government/corporate filings Pending Review — sourced but not independently verified AI Inference — analytical hypothesis from cross-referencing
✓ Verified Findings (22)
Independently re-checked: a second model read the source artifact and confirmed it supports the extracted claim.
⚠ flagged by Gemini Primary Sourcew·40 Paragon Solutions Ltd. was established in Israel in 2019
Date: 2019-01-01 Added: 14 Apr 2026 ↗ RECORDS: The Citizen Lab research report
⚠ flagged by Gemini AI Inferencew·40 The proliferation of common corporate names in surveillance technology creates systematic challenges for ownership tracking across jurisdictions, potentially enabling deliberate obfuscation
Added: 09 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
✓ verified AI Inference CFIUS review requirements for foreign surveillance technology acquisitions may systematically incentivize transaction structures that fall below SEC disclosure thresholds to minimize regulatory scrutiny
Date: 2019-06-15 Added: 09 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
AI Inference The regulatory gap mechanism between Israeli export licensing and US SEC disclosure requirements exists structurally regardless of the Paragon case specifics, as Israeli defense export controls operate independently of US corporate transparency requirements
Added: 09 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
✓ verified AI Inference Private equity acquisitions of foreign surveillance companies may systematically avoid SEC disclosure requirements by targeting private entities that were never subject to US reporting obligations, rather than through transaction structuring
Date: 2019-06-15 Added: 09 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
⚠ flagged by Gemini AI Inferencew·40 The entity identity confusion between 2004 SEC-filing 'Paragon Solutions' and the Israeli spyware company demonstrates how surveillance technology ownership tracking is complicated by common naming patterns across different jurisdictions and time periods
Added: 09 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
⚠ flagged by Gemini AI Inferencew·40 The absence of SEC disclosure filings for AE Industrial Partners' reported 2019 Paragon Solutions acquisition, despite AE Industrial's status as a multi-billion dollar private equity firm, indicates transaction structuring below SEC materiality thresholds or through non-equity mechanisms
Date: 2019-06-15 Added: 08 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
✓ verified AI Inference The absence of corporate transparency records for Israeli spyware companies serving US government clients suggests deliberate legal structuring to maintain operational security while enabling procurement relationships
Added: 08 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
✓ verified AI Inference Private equity acquisitions of foreign surveillance companies may be systematically structured to avoid SEC disclosure requirements through asset purchase mechanisms rather than equity acquisitions
Added: 08 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
⚠ flagged by Gemini AI Inferencew·40 The regulatory compliance inference for AE Industrial Partners' 2019 Paragon acquisition is undermined by probable entity identity mismatch between the Israeli spyware company and the 2004 SEC-filing entity of the same name
Date: 2019-06-15 Added: 08 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
⚠ flagged by Gemini AI Inferencew·40 The claimed 2019 AE Industrial Partners acquisition of Paragon Solutions lacks verifiable documentation in standard SEC disclosure databases, despite AE Industrial's status as a major private equity firm that would typically file material acquisition disclosures
Date: 2019-06-15 Added: 08 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
✓ verified AI Inference The regulatory gap between Israeli export licensing requirements and US SEC acquisition disclosure creates potential opacity in surveillance technology transfers to US-controlled entities
Added: 08 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
⚠ flagged by Gemini AI Inferencew·40 The March 18, 2004 simultaneous SEC filing cluster represents a significant undocumented corporate transaction that preceded the commercial spyware industry's development by approximately 6-12 years
Date: 2004-03-18 Added: 08 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
⚠ flagged by Gemini AI Inferencew·40 The commercial spyware industry timeline makes a continuous corporate entity from 2004 to present highly improbable, as Israeli offensive cyber companies emerged primarily after 2010 following smartphone proliferation and the development of mobile exploitation techniques
Date: 2004-2023 Added: 08 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
✓ verified AI Inference AE Industrial Partners' 2019 acquisition of Israeli Paragon Solutions may not have triggered SEC disclosure requirements, suggesting the transaction fell below materiality thresholds or involved non-public entities
Added: 07 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
✓ verified AI Inference AE Industrial Partners' 2019 acquisition of Israeli Paragon Solutions appears to have occurred without corresponding SEC disclosure filings, raising questions about regulatory compliance during the transaction period
Date: 2019-06-15 Added: 07 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
✓ Gemini-verified (100) AI Inference The volume of simultaneous SEC filings on 2004-03-18 is consistent with a major corporate transaction such as an IPO registration, merger, or significant restructuring event
Added: 07 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
✓ verified AI Inference The May 2023 SEC filing suggests renewed regulatory reporting activity, potentially indicating the company re-emerged, underwent a reverse merger, or resumed public trading status
Date: 2023-05-03 Added: 07 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
✓ verified AI Inference After the 2004 filing cluster, there is a nearly 19-year gap in SEC filing activity until May 2023, indicating either the company went private, was acquired, became dormant, or operated below SEC reporting thresholds during this period
Added: 07 Apr 2026 AI ANALYSIS
✓ Gemini-verified (100) AI Inference No lobbying disclosures found for "Paragon Solutions" in public databases as of 2026-04-07.
Added: 07 Apr 2026 UNVERIFIED Research: Paragon Solutions — Lobbying disclosures (no results)
✓ Gemini-verified (100) AI Inference No corporate registrations found for "Paragon Solutions" in public databases as of 2026-04-07.
Added: 07 Apr 2026 UNVERIFIED Research: Paragon Solutions — Corporate registrations (no results)
✓ Gemini-verified (100) AI Inference No usaspending contracts found for "Paragon Solutions" in public databases as of 2026-04-07.
Added: 07 Apr 2026 UNVERIFIED Research: Paragon Solutions — USASpending contracts (no results)
All Connections (21)
merger confirmed
Paragon merged into REDLattice as part of AE acquisition
Potential classified procurement inferential since 2019
Any US government use of Paragon's Graphite technology may have occurred through classified CIA procurement channels or SIOP-allocated contracts.
← Israeli Ministry of Defense institution
export_licensing primary since 2019
Paragon Solutions, an Israeli spyware company, requires export licenses from the Israeli Ministry of Defense for its Graphite surveillance tool
← NSO Group company
competitor inferential since 2019
Both NSO Group and Paragon Solutions are Israeli surveillance technology companies operating in the same spyware/lawful intercept market, often competing for the same government clients.
← Unit 8200 (IDF) institution
alumni_founded_company secondary since 2019
Paragon Solutions is an Israeli surveillance technology company with documented links to Unit 8200 alumni, consistent with the pattern noted in documented facts about alumni-founded companies.
← Ehud Schneorson person
founder confirmed
Former Unit 8200 commander and founder/chairman of Paragon Solutions
← Ehud Barak person
founder confirmed
Former Israeli Prime Minister and founder of Paragon Solutions
acquirer confirmed
AE Industrial Partners acquired Paragon Solutions for $500-900 million
subsidiary primary since 2021
Paragon Solutions (US) Inc. is the U.S. subsidiary of Paragon Solutions
affiliation inferential since 2024
REDL Ultimate Holdings, LP is linked to Paragon Solutions through shared board members and the REDLattice corporate structure, indicating common ownership or close business relationship.
← Yuval Shimoni person
employment primary since 2026
Yuval Shimoni is listed among executives and key personnel associated with Paragon Solutions, appearing in the entity list alongside other Paragon executives like Ehud Schneorson, Andrew Boyd, James McConville, Idan Nurick, Igor Bogdalov, Liad Abraham, Roi Kahlon, and Amir Baram.
← Dani Naveh person
organizational association inferential since 2013
Dani Naveh appears in the same known entities list as Paragon Solutions, suggesting a potential connection to this Israeli surveillance technology company.
← Horizon Europe institution
funding recipient inferential since 2024
As an Israeli technology company, Paragon Solutions may be among the recipients of Horizon Europe funding to Israel involving 921 projects between 2021-2024.
competitor inferential since 2026
ELTA Electronics Industries and Paragon Solutions are both Israeli companies involved in defense and intelligence technology sectors.
← Shalev Hulio person
founder primary since 2019
Shalev Hulio co-founded Paragon Solutions, an Israeli spyware company, after leaving NSO Group.
← Omri Lavie person
founder primary since 2019
Omri Lavie co-founded Paragon Solutions, another Israeli surveillance technology company, after leaving NSO Group.
contractor inferential since 2025
DHS consolidated AI functions into large vendor platforms including Paragon Solutions, as reported in 2025
← Wiz company
comparative context (industry peer) inferential since 2020
Like Wiz, Paragon Solutions is an Israeli cybersecurity company with Unit 8200 alumni origins that may engage government relations through non-disclosure channels.
← Sequoia Capital company
investor inferential since 2022
Sequoia Capital's investments in multiple Israeli cybersecurity companies founded by Unit 8200 alumni is consistent with known investments in firms like Paragon Solutions, which was founded by Unit 8200 alumni.
← General Dynamics company
comparative corporate structure inferential since 2024
Like General Dynamics, Paragon uses complex subsidiary structures (Paragon Solutions (US) Inc., Paragon Parent Inc.) that obscure parent company visibility in federal databases.
← Amir Baram person
colleague secondary since 2026
Amir Baram is listed alongside key figures at Paragon Solutions (including Ehud Schneorson, Andrew Boyd, James McConville, Idan Nurick, Igor Bogdalov, Liad Abraham, Roi Kahlon, Yuval Shimoni) in the known entities database, indicating a professional association with the company's leadership team.
Sources (21)
2023-05-03 ↗ SEC EDGAR: filing — Paragon Solutions (2023-05-03) sec_filing Processed 📜 Receipt
2004-03-18 ↗ SEC EDGAR: filing — Paragon Solutions (2004-03-18) sec_filing Processed 📜 Receipt
2026-05-09 UNVERIFIED SEARCH_ERROR: Paragon Solutions not found in opencorporates claim_flag Processed 📜 Receipt
2026-05-09 UNVERIFIED SEARCH_ERROR: Paragon Solutions not found in usaspending claim_flag Processed 📜 Receipt
2026-05-09 UNVERIFIED SEARCH_ERROR: Paragon Solutions not found in sam_gov claim_flag Processed 📜 Receipt
2011-10-11 ↗ USASpending.gov: PARAGON SOLUTIONS, INC. — National Aeronautics and Space Admini… contract Processed 📜 Receipt
2011-08-12 ↗ USASpending.gov: PARAGON SOLUTIONS, INC. — Department of Defense contract 0006 (… contract Processed 📜 Receipt
2011-01-10 ↗ USASpending.gov: PARAGON SOLUTIONS, INC. — Department of Defense contract 0002 (… contract Processed 📜 Receipt
2010-09-22 ↗ USASpending.gov: PARAGON SOLUTIONS, INC. — Department of Defense contract 0001 (… contract Processed 📜 Receipt
2008-09-02 ↗ USASpending.gov: PARAGON SOLUTIONS, INC. — Department of Defense contract CS01 (… contract Processed 📜 Receipt
2024-09-30 ↗ USASpending.gov: PARAGON SOLUTIONS (US) INC — Department of Homeland Security co… contract Processed 📜 Receipt
2019-04-03 ↗ USASpending.gov: PARAGON SOLUTIONS, INC. — Department of Defense contract W9132T… contract Processed 📜 Receipt
2020-07-01 ↗ USASpending.gov: PARAGON SOLUTIONS, INC. — Department of Defense contract W9132T… contract Processed 📜 Receipt
2019-01-01 ↗ The Citizen Lab research report web_search Processed 📜 Receipt
2026 AI ANALYSIS government_disclosure Processed 📜 Receipt
2026 UNVERIFIED Research: Paragon Solutions — Parliamentary records (no results) parliamentary_record Processed 📜 Receipt
2026 UNVERIFIED Research: Paragon Solutions — Court records (no results) court_document Processed 📜 Receipt
2026 UNVERIFIED Research: Paragon Solutions — Lobbying disclosures (no results) government_disclosure Processed 📜 Receipt
2026 UNVERIFIED Research: Paragon Solutions — Corporate registrations (no results) government_disclosure Processed 📜 Receipt
2026 UNVERIFIED Research: Paragon Solutions — USASpending contracts (no results) contract Processed 📜 Receipt
2004-03-18 ↗ SEC EDGAR: filing — Paragon Solutions (2004-03-18) discovery_scope_note Processed 📜 Receipt