All Connections (22)
legislative_sponsor
primary
since 1999
Senator Phil Gramm was a primary sponsor of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which repealed Glass-Steagall provisions.
legislative_sponsor
primary
since 1999
Representative Thomas J. Bliley Jr. was a primary sponsor of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which repealed Glass-Steagall provisions.
related_legislation
primary
since 2000
The Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 further deregulated financial derivatives, complementing the repeal of Glass-Steagall.
key_advocate_for_repeal
primary
since 1998
As CEO of Citigroup, Sanford Weill lobbied aggressively for the repeal of Glass-Steagall, enabling the merger of Travelers Group (insurance) with Citibank (banking).
benefited_from_repeal
primary
since 1998
Citigroup was formed via the merger of Citibank and Travelers Group in 1998, which was permitted only after the Glass-Steagall repeal was enacted.
benefited_from_repeal
primary
since 1998
Travelers Group merged with Citibank to form Citigroup, a consolidation made possible by the repeal of Glass-Steagall.
enabled_by_repeal
primary
since 1999
The concept of Financial Services Holding Companies was enabled by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act's repeal of Glass-Steagall restrictions on affiliations between banking, securities, and insurance.
impacted_by_repeal
inferential
since 2008
Glass-Steagall's repeal allowed Bear Stearns to engage in riskier activities; its collapse in 2008 was connected to the post-repeal financial environment.
impacted_by_repeal
inferential
since 1998
The 1998 collapse of LTCM highlighted risks in unregulated derivatives markets, which were expanded after Glass-Steagall barriers fell.
examined_repeal_consequences
primary
since 2010
The FCIC investigated how the repeal of Glass-Steagall contributed to the 2008 financial crisis.
warned_about_repeal_risks
primary
since 1998
As CFTC Chair, Brooksley Born warned that deregulation (including Glass-Steagall repeal) could lead to financial instability.
impacted_by_repeal
inferential
since 2008
Post-repeal, Goldman Sachs and other investment banks expanded into commercial banking and derivatives, leading to systemic risk that contributed to the 2008 crisis.
benefited_from_repeal
primary
since 2000
JPMorgan Chase grew through mergers enabled by Glass-Steagall repeal, becoming a universal bank combining commercial and investment banking.
policy_advocate_for_repeal
primary
since 1999
As Treasury Secretary and later Citigroup executive, Robert Rubin supported financial deregulation including the repeal of Glass-Steagall.
supported_repeal
primary
since 1999
Federal Reserve Chair Alan Greenspan advocated for the repeal of Glass-Steagall, arguing it would increase financial efficiency.
policy_framework_post_repeal
inferential
since 1999
Post-repeal, the PWG addressed systemic risks from the new consolidated financial landscape and derivatives markets.
policy_context_of_repeal
inferential
since 2006
As Goldman Sachs CEO and later Treasury Secretary, Henry Paulson operated in the post-Glass-Steagall financial environment that enabled large-scale risk-taking.
managed_crisis_post_repeal
inferential
since 2008
Geithner, as NY Fed President and Treasury Secretary, managed the 2008 crisis that stemmed from post-repeal financial activities.
oversight
inferential
since 2008
Glass-Steagall repeal contributed to fragmented regulatory oversight; Madoff's fraud went undetected partly due to gaps between SEC and banking regulators.
legislation repealed
primary
since 1999
Jim Leach's Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act effectively repealed the Glass-Steagall Act's separation of commercial and investment banking.
repealed_by
primary
since 1999
Glass-Steagall was repealed by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, signed by President Bill Clinton in November 1999.
Policy Action
primary
since 1999
Helped broker final deal for Glass-Steagall repeal while secretly negotiating employment with Citigroup.
Sources (10)
2026
UNVERIFIED Research: Glass-Steagall Act — Parliamentary records (no results)
parliamentary_record
Processed
📜 Receipt
2026
UNVERIFIED Research: Glass-Steagall Act — Lobbying disclosures (no results)
government_disclosure
Processed
📜 Receipt
2026
UNVERIFIED Research: Glass-Steagall Act — Court records (no results)
court_document
Processed
📜 Receipt
2026
UNVERIFIED Research: Glass-Steagall Act — USASpending contracts (no results)
contract
Processed
📜 Receipt
2026
UNVERIFIED Research: Glass-Steagall Act — Corporate registrations (no results)
government_disclosure
Processed
📜 Receipt
